Flashcard library · General Chemistry
Chemistry: Stoichiometry Basics
This flashcard deck provides a foundational understanding of stoichiometry, an essential topic in chemistry. It covers core concepts from mole conversions and balancing equations to limiting reactants and percent yield. Master these fundamental principles to confidently tackle quantitative problems in chemical reactions.
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What is stoichiometry?
The study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a reaction.
What does the law of conservation of mass say about a reaction?
The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
How is the mole defined?
Exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ elementary entities (the SI definition since 2019).
What is Avogadro's number?
About 6.022 × 10²³ — the number of particles in one mole.
What is molar mass?
The mass of one mole of a substance, in grams per mole.
Why must an equation be balanced before stoichiometry?
Only a balanced equation gives the correct mole ratios.
What do the coefficients in a balanced equation represent?
The relative numbers of moles (or particles) of each reactant and product.
How many molecules are in 2 moles of O₂?
About 1.204 × 10²⁴, since 2 × 6.022 × 10²³.
How do you convert grams to moles?
Divide the mass by the molar mass.
What are the three steps of a mass-to-mass calculation?
Grams of A → moles of A → (mole ratio) moles of B → grams of B.
What is the limiting reactant?
The reactant used up first, which caps how much product can form.
How do you find the limiting reactant?
Work out how much product each reactant could make; the one giving the least is limiting.
What is theoretical yield?
The maximum product possible from the reactants, calculated from the balanced equation.
What is actual yield?
The amount of product really obtained, usually less than theoretical.
How is percent yield calculated?
(Actual yield ÷ theoretical yield) × 100%.