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How 1 km satellite maps show SE US PM2.5 fell

A two-stage MAIAC AOD model maps daily 1 km PM2.5 and shows about a 20% drop across the southeastern US from 2001 to 2010.

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What AOD product supplied 1 km aerosol columns?

MAIAC AOD from MODIS.

What two-stage framework predicted ground PM2.5?

A linear mixed-effects model with daily AOD slopes, then geographically weighted regression.

How was over-fitting checked?

10-fold cross-validation on held-out monitor data.

What fitting R² range did yearly models reach?

0.71 to 0.85.

What was the 2001–2010 range of annual mean PM2.5 used in fitting?

11.03 to 15.63 μg m−3, highest in 2005 and lowest in 2009.

How much did mapped PM2.5 fall 2001–2010?

About 20% domain-wide and about 23% in metro Atlanta.

Where were PM2.5 reductions largest?

More polluted urban areas and along major highways.

Why might SE-domain agricultural land show high PM2.5?

Ammonia and NOx from farm activity can raise suspended particles.

Why combine Aqua and Terra MAIAC AOD?

To improve spatial coverage and better represent daily aerosol loading.

What land-use pattern matches high Atlanta PM2.5 maps?

High urban/impervious land and major highways; forests and parks are lower.

What first-stage feature captures day-to-day AOD–PM2.5 changes?

Day-specific random intercepts and slopes for AOD and meteorology.