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Short-term PM2.5 raises deaths and Parkinson’s admissions
Two-day average PM2.5 is linked to higher all-cause mortality and to hospital admissions for Parkinson’s disease and diabetes among US Medicare enrollees.
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What exposure metric was used for PM2.5?
The two-day average of same-day and previous-day PM2.5.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
How many Medicare deaths and communities were analyzed?
6,982,678 deaths in 121 US communities, 1999–2010.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
What was the all-cause mortality change per 10 μg/m³ two-day PM2.5?
A 0.64% increase (95% CI 0.42–0.85).
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
Which cause-specific admissions rose significantly with PM2.5?
Parkinson’s disease (3.23%) and diabetes (1.14%).
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
Did prior neurological hospitalization significantly modify mortality risk?
Estimates were larger but differences were not statistically significant.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
How soon did PM2.5 effects appear?
Immediately at lag 0 and persisting for 2–3 day averages.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
Where were PM2.5 concentrations highest among study cities?
California and the industrial Midwest.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
What age pattern appeared for Alzheimer’s hospitalizations?
A 3.48% increase at ages 65–75 versus −0.27% over age 75.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
Why might neurological susceptibility be undercounted?
Medicare records hospitalizations, missing enrollees with dementia who were never admitted.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
What biological pathways do the authors invoke?
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunction, as for cardiovascular disease.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified
How were results expressed?
Percent change in mortality or admissions per 10 μg/m³ two-day PM2.5.
Source: A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and neurological disorders · DOI · quote verified