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PM2.5 oxidative potential modifies heart-attack risk
Same-day PM2.5 raises myocardial-infarction visits more where particles deplete glutathione, and NOx–ozone oxidant capacity adds further risk.
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How many MI emergency visits entered the analysis?
30,101 cases across 16 cities.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
How low were daily PM2.5 mass concentrations?
Mean 6.91 μg/m³.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
How was oxidative burden defined?
PM2.5 mass times regional glutathione or ascorbate oxidative potential.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
Which OP metric modified the PM2.5–MI association?
Glutathione-related OP (p=0.026), not ascorbate OP (p=0.164).
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
Did glutathione burden fit better than PM2.5 mass?
Yes; AIC 87,710 versus 87,718 for mass.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
Which lag was strongest for PM2.5?
Lag-0 (same day); lags 1–2 were weaker; 3-day mean similar to lag-0.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
What happened to NO2 and O3 after glutathione-burden adjustment?
They were no longer associated; combined Ox remained associated.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
Where were the strongest PM2.5–MI associations?
Areas with high OPGSH and high redox-weighted NO2+O3 oxidant capacity.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
Per what increment were PM2.5 risks reported?
Per 5 μg/m³, about the IQR of case–control differences.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
What public-health implication do the authors draw?
Acute cardiovascular risk may not be captured by PM2.5 mass alone.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified
How was regional OP measured?
Integrated 2012–2013 filters from 20 sites in the 16 cities, assayed in synthetic lining fluid.
Source: Ambient PM2.5 and risk of emergency room visits for myocardial infarction: impact of regional PM2.5 oxidative potential: a case-crossover study · DOI · quote verified