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Warming changes forest water yield by catchment type
Across 21 North American headwater catchments, modest warming can raise or cut streamflow depending on elasticity, with conifers often yielding more water.
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How many catchments were analyzed?
21 headwater catchments at 12 North American experimental sites.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
What framework related climate to yield?
The Budyko curve linking dryness index to evaporative index.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
How were cool and warm periods defined?
5-water-year moving averages of temperature time series.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
What does low elasticity imply for yield under warming?
Greater chance of a negative Budyko deviation, i.e., increased water yield (r²=0.34).
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
How did modest versus strong warming differ?
ΔT<1.5°C: deviation fell as elasticity declined (r²=0.91); ΔT>1.5°C: it rose (r²=0.81).
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
What happened in conifer catchments generally?
Water yield tended to increase with warming.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
What characterized alpine catchments?
Small warming (<1.5°C) and large (>10%) precipitation decreases.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
How were catchments classed by precipitation change?
Wetter if ΔP>10%, little change if |ΔP|<10%, drier if ΔP<−10%.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
Why were extreme precipitation years dropped?
They created legacy effects that amplified the following year’s deviation.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified
Where were the deciduous catchments?
Eastern North America, with 1–2°C warming and mixed precipitation change.
Source: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America · DOI · quote verified