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Beech outcompetes spruce as air chemistry shifts
Since 1501, spruce hit water-use saturation under acid rain and drought, while beech kept growing as nitrogen and temperatures rose.
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Which three tree species?
European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
How far back do the rings go?
Since 1501 CE in an old-growth temperate mountain forest.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
Which isotopes?
δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N in tree rings.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
Where is the study forest?
Šumava Mountains (Bavarian Forest) on the Czech–German–Austrian border.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
What happened to Norway spruce?
iWUE saturation plus acid rain and drought led to growth declines.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
How did European beech respond?
Physiological resilience to acid deposition and growth under higher N and warmth.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
Silver fir after cleaner air?
Leaf gas-exchange adaptations allowed accelerated stem growth.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
Competitive outcome?
Beech gaining dominance as spruce and fir decline.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
Ontogeny signal in young rings?
Lower initial iWUE and higher δ15N, reflecting age and N-uptake changes.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
How many trees for the 500-year isotopes?
35 trees.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified
Management takeaway?
Diversify forests: beech is resilient, spruce is vulnerable to climate and pollution.
Source: Growth and Assemblage Dynamics of Temperate Forest Tree Species Match Physiological Resilience to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry · DOI · quote verified