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GDM raises later diabetes and heart risks
Women with gestational diabetes had sharply higher later type 2 diabetes risk and elevated hypertension and ischemic heart disease risk versus matched pregnant controls.
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What exposure defined the cohort?
Prior gestational diabetes mellitus coded in electronic primary-care records.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
How large was the GDM cohort?
9,118 women with GDM.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
What was the adjusted IRR for type 2 diabetes?
About 21.96 (over twenty-fold higher risk).
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
What was the adjusted IRR for hypertension?
About 1.85 (nearly two-fold).
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
What was the adjusted IRR for IHD?
About 2.78 after additional adjustment for lipids drugs and baseline hypertension.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
Was cerebrovascular disease increased?
No; IRR was about 0.95 and not significant.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
Must postpartum diabetes precede IHD?
Not always; only some women with GDM who developed IHD also developed type 2 diabetes postpartum.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
How were controls matched?
By age and timing of pregnancy.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
What baseline differences were common in GDM?
More deprivation, overweight/obesity, and prior hypertension; fewer current smokers.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
What covariates adjusted the diabetes/hypertension models?
Age, Townsend quintile, BMI, and smoking.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified
What clinical message follows?
Women with prior GDM are a high-yield group for preventive cardiometabolic follow-up.
Source: Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study · DOI · quote verified