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Arabian Sea cyclones briefly refill desert aquifers

A few intense tropical cyclones now supply most of interior Oman’s rain and can add cubic kilometres of groundwater, interrupting chronic depletion.

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How much have intense Arabian Sea TCs increased after 1995, as cited?

Five-fold compared with the previous 25 years.

How much rain did Mekunu drop on Salalah?

617 mm.

How large is the Najd study subbasin?

200,000 km2.

What TCP fraction and total intensity does Najd receive?

Highest TCP intensity 1350 mm and >60% of total precipitation.

How much precipitation did Mekunu, Keila, and Cyclone 2020 deliver to Najd?

20.1, 9.7, and 8.9 km3 respectively.

What GRACE TWS change followed Mekunu?

A 3.2 ± 1.4 km3 increase.

Did Keila and Cyclone 2020 produce similar GRACE jumps?

No: 0.1 ± 0.2 and −0.1 ± 0.8 km3.

How much did modelled Mekunu recharge agree with GRACE?

Model 3.5 km3 versus GRACE 3.2 ± 1.4 km3.

How much can confined groundwater levels rise after Mekunu?

Up to 55 m in the Hanfit area.

What background GRACE depletion rates are reported?

−0.4 ± 0.01 km3 yr−1 before Mekunu and −0.9 ± 0.4 km3 yr−1 after.

How far inland could Mekunu’s rain reach?

As far as 800 km from the coastline.