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Boreal canopy lichens declined from several drivers
Over a decade of Swedish forest inventory, hair lichens Alectoria, Usnea, and Bryoria became less common, with losses tied to forestry, nitrogen, and climate together—not one driver alone.
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Which three canopy lichens were tracked?
Alectoria, Usnea, and Bryoria.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
What monitoring program supplied the data?
The Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI).
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
What remeasurement interval was used?
Permanent plots on a 10-year interval (IP1 1993–2002 vs IP2 2003–2012).
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
Did occurrence of all three lichens fall nationally?
Yes—Alectoria, Usnea, and Bryoria all decreased.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
Annual relative loss rates?
About 1.70%, 1.25%, and 0.50% per year.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
Where was Alectoria loss most severe?
Region 3, which lost 51.6% of occurrences.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
Why might forestry drive losses?
Short logging cycles and dense, low-light young stands.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
Which genera are more N-sensitive?
Alectoria and Bryoria more than Usnea.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
What did authors say interact?
Forestry, N deposition, climate change, plus lichen traits and extinction/colonization.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
Does the study track lichens only when the host tree is present?
Yes—habitat quality given the host is present.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified
About what share of circumboreal forest is managed?
About two-thirds, mainly for industrial wood.
Source: Multiple drivers of large-scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies · DOI · quote verified