Where does cells minimize expression noise?

Yeast minimizes protein-expression noise preferentially for essential genes and protein-complex subunits, supporting that noise is generally harmful.

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For which genes is protein-production noise minimized?

Essential genes and genes encoding protein-complex subunits.

What hypothesis does this support?

That noise in gene expression is generally deleterious to yeast.

At what levels do yeast control noise?

Transcriptional and translational levels.

Is noise minimization free?

No—it comes with a cost.

What untested noise control is mentioned?

Protein degradation rates.

What genome-wide caveat is noted?

A hidden variable could bias results.

Example alternative explanation?

Essential/complex genes may tend toward high transcription and low translation for other reasons.

What is expression noise biologically?

Random differences in synthesis rates among genetically identical cells.

Why care about complex subunits?

Stoichiometry-sensitive assemblies amplify harmful noise.

Organism studied?

Yeast (eukaryotic model).