Flashcard library · Environmental Science · PaperFren
Ultrashort PFAS dominate Dutch drinking water
Across 18 Dutch plants, TFA and other C2–C3 PFAS dominate raw and finished water (often 49–99% of 56-PFAS mass); conventional carbon treatments often fail them, unlike longer-chain PFAS.
Keep what you just learned
Save these 11 cards to your NoteFren library. Your first review starts right away, and each card links back to the study it came from.
How many Dutch plants and PFAS were measured?
18 full-scale locations; 56 PFAS.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
Sum of 56 PFAS in raw surface water?
50–1150 ng/L.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
Groundwater 56-PFAS sum?
90–530 ng/L.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
Which PFAS class dominated mass?
Ultrashort C2–C3, mainly TFA (49–99% of mass).
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
TFA concentration range?
30–1100 ng/L.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
Did treatment change ultrashort PFAS much?
No significant raw-versus-finished difference for ultrashorts.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
What is negative removal?
Finished > raw, especially for ultrashorts on PAC/UV-GAC plants.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
Dutch source mix cited?
About 40% surface water and 60% groundwater nationally.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
EFSA four-PFAS TWI?
4.4 ng/kg body weight per week.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
Why are ultrashort PFAS hard to treat?
High solubility, low sorption, and resistance to degradation.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified
What treatment did authors flag for surface-water safety?
Reverse osmosis likely needed beyond carbon/ozone trains.
Source: Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water · DOI · quote verified