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Childhood phthalates linked to teen liver enzymes
In the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort, higher childhood urinary phthalates—especially later LMW exposure—tracked with higher AST, ALT, and γ-GTP at ages 10–15, with BMI interactions in girls.
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How many children had phthalates at both childhood visits?
164; 126 of them also had 10–15-year liver enzymes.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
When were outcomes measured?
AST, ALT, and γ-GTP at 10–15 years of age.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
How is ΣDEHP defined here?
Molar sum of MECPP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MEOHP.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
Were childhood ΣDEHP levels higher at 3–5 or 7–9 years?
Higher at 3–5 (377.0 vs 229.0 μg/g creatinine).
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
Which childhood window seemed more important for later enzymes?
Exposure at 7–9 years, more than at 3–5 (except MEP).
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
At 3–5 years, which enzymes rose with LMW phthalates?
γ-GTP tended to increase with MiBP, MnBP, and ΣDBP.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
Did BMI modify phthalate–enzyme associations?
Yes, including MiBP×BMI on AST and MBzP×BMI on γ-GTP; after sex split, interactions were in girls.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
What additive interaction was significant for ALT?
MEP at both time points (p interaction = 0.038).
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
How were values below the LOD handled?
LOD/√2 was substituted.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
Why can a single urine sample mismeasure phthalates?
Phthalates have a short half-life, so one spot sample can err even if daily exposure is ongoing.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified
What limited sex-stratified analyses?
Small sample and low statistical power when split by sex.
Source: Prospective association between phthalate exposure in childhood and liver function in adolescence: the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study · DOI · quote verified