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South African ozone peaks with fires and winter fires
Continental South African surface ozone peaks in late winter–spring from household combustion and biomass burning, and is often VOC-limited.
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When do continental South African ozone concentrations peak?
Late winter and early spring, with daytime photochemical production.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
What winter source elevated ozone at three sites?
Household combustion for space heating plus trapping of low-level pollutants.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
What caused the spring ozone maximum?
Increased regional open biomass burning.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
How important were stratospheric intrusions?
A very small contribution to surface ozone at the four sites.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
How does ozone relate to CO versus NOx?
Strong O3–CO correlation; ozone stays flat or falls as NOx rises.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
What fraction of Welgegund ozone production is VOC-limited?
At least 40% from a 2-year VOC dataset.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
Why might much of the interior be VOC-limited?
High anthropogenic NOx emissions in the region.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
What is the only known tropospheric ozone production step?
Photolysis of NO2 in sunlight.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
Which four stations were analyzed?
Botsalano, Marikana, Welgegund, and Elandsfontein.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
Do sites meet the national ozone standard?
They regularly exceed the South African air-quality ozone limit.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified
What long-range CO source was linked to high ozone?
Air masses over southern African open biomass burning from June to September.
Source: Seasonal influences on surface ozone variability in continental South Africa and implications for air quality · DOI · quote verified