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Small icebergs add a lot of Greenland fjord freshwater
High-resolution UNet mapping finds far more small icebergs than Sentinel-2 thresholding, raising Sermilik meltwater estimates toward ~2000 m³ s−1.
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How much more iceberg area does P-UNet find in Sermilik?
60.4 km², nearly 50% more than Sentinel-2 thresholding.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
How many more small icebergs appear in Planet imagery?
Nearly five times more than in Sentinel-2.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
Below what area does the power-law size distribution fail?
It holds only for icebergs greater than about 300 m².
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
What along-fjord freshwater discharge is estimated for Sermilik?
About 1310 ± 420 m³ s−1.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
How does annual iceberg melt compare with subglacial discharge?
Net iceberg freshwater exceeds subglacial discharge on an annual scale.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
Where do small icebergs deliver meltwater?
Near the surface, potentially changing buoyancy-driven circulation.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
What Planet resolution was used?
About 3 m, versus Sentinel-2 at about 10 m.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
How was the UNet trained?
10,000 manual labels augmented to 1800 sub-images / >40,000 instances.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
What Sentinel-2 threshold defined ice versus water?
Normalized digital number 0.13 on near-infrared band B8.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
Why ignore fjord stratification in melt rates?
The study focuses on small icebergs, whose keels are less likely to span two current regimes.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified
How many small icebergs were counted in Kangerlussuaq?
About 13,000, more than double S-TOA.
Source: Significant contribution of small icebergs to the freshwater budget in Greenland fjords · DOI · quote verified