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Does higher BMI causally raise heart disease risk?
Genetic instruments for BMI suggest a causal increase in ischemic heart disease risk larger than simple observational estimates.
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What causal OR per 4 kg/m² BMI did MR yield?
Meta-analysed causal OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.12–2.05).
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
What observational OR was reported in CGPS?
1.23 per 4 kg/m² BMI increase.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
How much did each risk allele raise BMI?
About 0.28 kg/m² per additional adiposity-related allele.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
What analytic framework estimates causality?
Mendelian randomisation with genetic instruments.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
Which loci formed the allele score?
FTO, MC4R, and TMEM18 variants.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
What estimator produced causal ORs?
Instrumental-variable (Wald-type) estimation.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
What BMI increment anchors effect sizes?
One SD of 4 kg/m².
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
Where were cohorts based?
Copenhagen population studies.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
How do authors summarise observational vs causal effects?
About 26% observational vs 52% causal IHD risk increase per 4 kg/m².
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
Why can MR reduce confounding vs plain observation?
Genetic instruments are less tied to lifestyle confounders and reverse causation.
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified
What clinical disease is the outcome?
Ischemic heart disease (IHD).
Source: The effect of elevated body mass index on ischemic heart disease risk: causal estimates from a Mendelian randomisation approach · DOI · quote verified