Can Playing Table Tennis Reduce Short Video Addiction?

What is the primary hypothesis (H1) regarding the direct effect of the table tennis intervention on short video addiction?

The study hypothesized that the table tennis intervention would significantly reduce the level of short video addiction among college students.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What is the second hypothesis (H2) regarding the role of cognitive bias in the study?

The study hypothesized that cognitive bias mediates the relationship between the table tennis intervention and short video addiction.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What is the third hypothesis (H3) regarding the role of self-control in this study?

The study hypothesized that self-control mediates the relationship between the table tennis intervention and short video addiction.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What is the fourth hypothesis (H4) regarding how cognitive bias and self-control interact to affect short video addiction?

The study hypothesized that cognitive bias and self-control play a chained mediating role in the relationship between the table tennis intervention and short video addiction.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How was a severe short video addict diagnosed for recruitment in this study?

Participants were diagnosed as severe addicts if they gave affirmative answers to 5 or more of the 7 diagnostic questions on the Short Video Addiction Scale (SVAS) and had a daily average usage of 4 or more hours.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How many participants completed the entire experimental process, and how did attrition affect this number?

A total of 60 participants completed the entire process out of 63 recruited, after 3 students dropped out due to academic reasons before the study began.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What type of experimental research design was utilized to analyze the effects of the intervention?

The study utilized a 2 (Group: Experimental/Control) % 2 (Time: Pre-test/Post-test) mixed experimental design.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI

How did the researchers manage the physical activity of the control group during the study?

Aside from their regular daily physical activities, control group participants did not take part in any other structured physical exercise interventions.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What was the frequency and overall duration of the table tennis exercise intervention for the experimental group?

The intervention lasted for 16 weeks, with sessions conducted three times a week.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What was the structural breakdown of each 60-minute table tennis intervention session?

Each session consisted of a 10-minute warm-up, 40 minutes of formal technical and physical training, and a 10-minute relaxation period.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How did the researchers monitor and control the physical intensity of the exercise intervention?

Five participants were randomly selected each session to wear Polar watches, maintaining exercise intensity at a moderate level of 60-80% of their maximum heart rate.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How did the researchers verify that baseline physical activity levels were equivalent between the two groups before starting?

They recorded baseline physical activity using the IPAQ-S and conducted a t-test, which showed no significant difference (p = 0.61) between the groups.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What are the four dimensions measured by the College Students' Short Video Addiction Scale (SVAS)?

The four dimensions are withdrawal, escapism, loss of control, and inefficiency.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What four dimensions are evaluated by the Negative Cognitive Processing Bias Questionnaire?

It evaluates negative attention bias, negative memory bias, negative interpretation bias, and negative rumination bias.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How many items of the 19-item Self-Control Scale were reverse-scored in this study?

Out of the 19 items on the scale, 15 items utilized the reverse-scoring method.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How did the researchers rule out serious common method bias in the self-reported data?

They applied the Harman single-factor test, showing that the first factor explained 20.07% of the variance, which is well below the 40% threshold.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How did the researchers establish baseline homogeneity between the experimental and control groups?

They used independent samples t-tests on pre-test data, showing no significant baseline differences (p > 0.05) in short video addiction, cognitive bias, or self-control.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What did the repeated measures ANOVA indicate regarding the Time % Group interaction for short video addiction?

There was a significant Time % Group interaction effect, indicating that short video addiction scores changed differently over time depending on group assignment.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI

What did the post-test simple effects analysis reveal about the differences between the experimental and control groups?

At the post-test, the experimental group showed significantly better scores (lower short video addiction, lower cognitive bias, and higher self-control) than the control group (p < 0.001).

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How did the authors verify that multicollinearity was not a confounding factor in their mediation analyses?

They ran diagnostics showing that tolerance values were between 0.32 and 0.86 (above 0.1) and VIF values were between 1.16 and 3.12 (below 5).

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What was the direct effect of table tennis on short video addiction within the mediation model?

Table tennis had a significant direct negative effect on short video addiction (beta = -0.25).

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What percentage of the total effect of table tennis on SVA was accounted for by the mediating variables?

The total mediating effect (beta = -0.41) accounted for 68.33% of the total effect of the intervention on short video addiction.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What was the indirect effect of table tennis on SVA through the single mediator of cognitive bias (Path 1)?

The indirect effect of decreasing cognitive bias accounted for 33.3% of the total effect (beta = -0.20).

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What was the indirect effect of table tennis on SVA through the single mediator of self-control (Path 2)?

The indirect effect of enhancing self-control accounted for 26.67% of the total effect (beta = -0.16).

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What was the indirect effect of the chained mediation pathway through both cognitive bias and self-control (Path 3)?

The chained mediation path had a significant indirect effect (beta = -0.05), accounting for 8.33% of the total effect.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How do cognitive biases and low self-control form a vicious cycle in behavioral regulation?

Correcting cognitive biases continually depletes limited mental resources, which in turn weakens self-control, reinforcing the bias and creating a cycle.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

Why does table tennis training hold an advantage over traditional aerobic exercises for cognitive enhancement?

The fast-paced technical skill demands of table tennis (like spin, serve, and landing predictions) provide immediate feedback and constantly challenge cognitive focus.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What biological/neural mechanism is proposed to explain how table tennis training reduces cognitive bias?

Table tennis training is associated with improved white matter tract integrity, higher neural conduction efficiency, and optimized functional brain networks.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

How does table tennis satisfy social needs to reduce short video dependency?

By creating high-frequency real-world social interactions, table tennis replaces the psychological need for virtual social compensation on mobile devices.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What is a limitation regarding the geographic and institutional origin of the participant sample?

The participants were all recruited from a single university, which limits the external validity and generalizability of the results.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

What is a key measurement limitation of this study's primary data collection methods?

The study relied entirely on self-reported questionnaires, which are vulnerable to subjective recall errors and social desirability bias.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified

Why does the absence of an active control group limit the strength of the study's conclusions?

Without an active control group (e.g., performing a different sport or social activity), it is hard to isolate whether the improvements were unique to table tennis or general to exercise and social contact.

Source: The impact of table tennis intervention on short video addiction among college students in China: the chained mediation effect of cognitive bias and self-control · DOI · quote verified