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How broadly does smoking raise heart and vessel disease risk?
In a large Australian cohort, current smoking raised risk across nearly all CVD subtypes—especially peripheral arterial disease—and quitting lowered risk.
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How many major CVD events occurred in follow-up?
27,511 major CVD events over 1.35 million person-years.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
What was the PAD relative risk in current smokers?
About 5.06 versus never smokers.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
How did current smokers’ broad CVD risk compare to never smokers?
Significantly increased across major CVD groupings.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
What follow-up person-time was accumulated?
1.35 million person-years (mean ~7.4 years).
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
What happens with quitting according to authors?
Quitting reduces the risk.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
Which cohort supplied participants?
The 45 and Up Study in Australia.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
How do past smokers generally compare?
Former smokers showed intermediate risk between current and never smokers.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
Which acute coronary outcome is highlighted among elevated risks?
Acute myocardial infarction.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
What reference group defines relative risks?
Never smokers.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
What less classic CVD subtype do authors newly emphasise?
Paroxysmal tachycardia risk linked to smoking.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified
Why does low current smoking prevalence still matter?
Smoking still accounts for a substantial share of premature CVD in an established epidemic setting.
Source: Tobacco smoking and risk of 36 cardiovascular disease subtypes: fatal and non-fatal outcomes in a large prospective Australian study · DOI · quote verified