Flashcard library · Psychology
Psychology: Classical & Operant Conditioning
Master the fundamentals of classical and operant conditioning with these essential flashcards. This deck covers key definitions, principles, and influential figures, ensuring you're prepared for exams and a deeper understanding of learning theories. Perfect for psychology students seeking a clear and comprehensive review.
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What is classical conditioning?
Learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to trigger a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally triggers it.
Who discovered classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov, working with dogs.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning in which behavior is strengthened by reinforcement or weakened by punishment.
Who is the leading figure of operant conditioning?
B. F. Skinner.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus that triggers a response without learning, like food causing salivation.
What is an unconditioned response?
The unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, like salivating at food.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
A once-neutral stimulus that triggers a response after pairing, like Pavlov's bell.
What is a conditioned response?
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus, like salivating at the bell.
What does all reinforcement do?
Increases the likelihood of the behavior it follows.
What does all punishment do?
Decreases the likelihood of the behavior it follows.
What is positive reinforcement?
Adding something pleasant after a behavior to increase it, like praise for finishing homework.
What is negative reinforcement?
Removing something unpleasant after a behavior to increase it, like taking aspirin to end a headache.
What is positive punishment?
Adding something unpleasant after a behavior to decrease it, like a scolding.
What is negative punishment?
Removing something pleasant after a behavior to decrease it, like taking away phone privileges.
What is extinction in classical conditioning?
The conditioned response fades when the CS keeps appearing without the US.
What is spontaneous recovery?
The return of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period.